How does NOAA Fisheries in the US estimate its total grey seal population size?

Answer

By applying Canadian total-to-pup ratios to US pup counts

US population estimates are derived by counting pups at local breeding colonies and then applying the known total-to-pup ratio established from the Canadian population data.

How does NOAA Fisheries in the US estimate its total grey seal population size?
populationconservationmammalwildlifeseal