Which subspecies of Z. leucophrys is non-migratory on the Pacific coast?
Answer
Z. l. nuttalli
The subspecies designation *Z. l. nuttalli* is specifically associated with populations found along the Pacific coast. Unlike many other populations, these birds typically exhibit residency patterns, meaning they are non-migratory or only undertake short-distance migrations. This contrasts sharply with subspecies like *Z. l. gambelii*, which breeds in the far north and migrates across the central and eastern United States for the winter, illustrating local adaptation and geographic isolation within the broader *Z. leucophrys* species.
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