What measurable alteration in the forest structure is attributed to the loss of native birds?

Answer

A measurable alteration in forest composition where canopy health is declining.

The breakdown of seed dispersal, a process reliant on birds, led to changes in forest composition and a demonstrable decline in canopy health in specific areas.

What measurable alteration in the forest structure is attributed to the loss of native birds?
speciesEcologyreptileimpactsnake