What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of a serious *Echis* envenomation resulting from coagulation failure?

Answer

Systemic hemorrhaging (uncontrolled bleeding)

The systemic effect that causes the greatest mortality is the venom's impact on clotting factors, leading to systemic hemorrhaging, or uncontrolled bleeding.

What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of a serious *Echis* envenomation resulting from coagulation failure?
Toxicityvenomreptilesnakeviper