What feature makes the Io moth caterpillars primarily responsible for painful human encounters?

Answer

Branched, stinging spines containing venom.

The most notable feature of the caterpillars is the covering of branched, stinging spines; these spines are hollow and contain venom capable of causing a painful reaction upon contact.

What feature makes the Io moth caterpillars primarily responsible for painful human encounters?
animalinsectmothinvasion