What characteristic defines *Bothrops* species as members of the Crotaline subfamily?
Answer
The presence of heat-sensing pits on their faces.
Members of the Crotaline subfamily, which includes the Yarara snakes belonging to the *Bothrops* genus, are distinctly identified by the presence of specialized sensory organs on their faces. These organs are known as loreal pits, which are sensitive infrared-detecting structures. Their primary function is to perceive thermal radiation emitted by potential prey, allowing the snake to effectively locate warm-blooded targets, a capability that is especially advantageous during nighttime hunting or in low-light conditions. While other features like vertical slit pupils and specialized vision aid in hunting, the heat-sensing pit is the definitive feature placing them within the Crotaline group.
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