What key modern insight gained from research dictates that bull trout conservation success is highly dependent on the exchange between separated populations?
Answer
Connectivity
Decades of research into bull trout population dynamics have converged on the conclusion that 'connectivity' is the paramount factor determining long-term conservation success. Connectivity refers to the unimpeded physical pathways that allow fish to move between different stream segments, sub-basins, and main river channels. When these pathways are blocked, often by barriers like obsolete dams or culverts, genetic exchange ceases. This isolation prevents adaptation to changing environmental conditions and effectively turns robust populations into fragmented, vulnerable relic groups, underscoring why restoring passage is a central focus of recovery plans.

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