What is the primary defensive mechanism used by vultures when threatened while feeding?

Answer

Regurgitation

When vultures are harassed or threatened while feeding on a carcass, they defend themselves by regurgitating their stomach contents. Vomiting partially digested, foul-smelling material is an effective deterrent against competitors or predators that might otherwise try to steal their meal.

What is the primary defensive mechanism used by vultures when threatened while feeding?
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