When wind prevents a true hover, what alternative flight style might the kestrel employ?

Answer

Rapid, shallow wing beats to make slow progress into the wind (stiff-winged flight)

When conditions are too windy for a stable hover, kestrels engage in rapid, shallow wing beats to maintain slow progress against the wind, often called a stiff-winged flight.

When wind prevents a true hover, what alternative flight style might the kestrel employ?
speciesbirdraptorwildlifekestrel