icadyptes articles
During which geological epoch did the extinct penguin *Icadyptes* primarily inhabit the seas of modern New Zealand?
What primary feature of fossil remains is used as the most direct proxy for reconstructing the feeding habits of *Icadyptes*?
What feeding strategy might a relatively long, slender bill in a fossil penguin lineage suggest?
What implication arises from the presence of other contemporaneous giant penguins, such as *Palaeeudyptes*, coexisting with *Icadyptes*?
Why was the diet of large penguins like *Icadyptes* highly likely dominated by fish rather than small crustaceans?
What adaptation, fundamental to all penguins, helps them grip slippery prey like fish once captured underwater?
What does the paddle-like wing structure evidence imply about the hunting method of *Icadyptes*?
What is the primary function of bill disparity analysis in paleontology concerning extinct penguins?
What would a proportionally shorter and deeper bill in *Icadyptes* suggest about its prey handling strategy compared to a very long, slender bill?
What factor is critical in determining the potential maximum prey size a bird can capture and swallow, according to bill morphology analysis?